Energy price shocks in the European Union: macroeconomic impacts, distributional effects and policy responses

Published in Energy Economics, 2025

Recommended citation: Kremer, E., Reissl, S., Fierro, L. E., Emmerling, J., Lamperti, F., & Roventini, A. (2025). Energy price shocks in the European Union: macroeconomic impacts, distributional effects and policy responses. Energy Economics. 108979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108979